With the ongoing war in Ukraine and uncertainty surrounding U.S. commitments to NATO, European leaders are debating how to rapidly scale up the continent's military capabilities. Proponents argue that issuing joint EU debt is the only way to quickly generate the billions needed to rebuild depleted arsenals and deter Russian aggression. Opponents, traditionally led by frugal nations, strongly reject mutualizing debt, arguing it violates EU treaties, rewards fiscal irresponsibility, and centralizes too much military power in Brussels.
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